Endrin
PESTICIDE NAME: Endrin
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Trade name(s): Endrin
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Manufacturer(s): Shell International Chemical Co., Ltd.
London, England
I. Basic information
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A. Molecular structure: C12H8Cl6O
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B. Chemical name: 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-
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1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro- endoa-5,8-dimethanonapthalene
C. Derivatives: 6 metabolites
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D. Molecular weight: 379 g/mole
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E. Solubility in water: 0.23 mg/l
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F. Common physical appearance: emulsifiable concentrate, wettable
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powder, dust and dust concentrate
G. Oral LD50(rat): 10 mg/kg
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H. Pesticide classification: chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide
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I. Restricted use list (N.Y.): yes
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EPA priority pesticide list: yes
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J. Crop use: No information available
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II. Text
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Endrin is an immobile, persistent organochlorine insecticide which
is widely treated in the scientific literature. It is strongly
adsorbed in soils and desorption is difficult. Endrin converts in soil
to more stable compounds which are formed as early as 7d after
application of the parent specie. There is more rapid degradation of
endrin under sterile conditions than in non-sterile soil and in flooded
as opposed to non-flooded conditions. The half-life of endrin has been
estimated to be 4-8yrs.
III. Soils information
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A. Degradation and transformation
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The degradation of endrin has been reported to be of both a
chemical and a biological nature. In flooded alluvial, laterite, clay
loam, saline, and sandy soils, the endrin concentration declined
rapidly in all but the sandy soil (possibly due to low organic
matter). At 55d, the endrin concentration in the soils other than the
sandy was 5% of the original application. Additionally, it was found
that degradation occurred at either negative or positive redox and that
more rapid degradation was evidenced in sterile than in non-sterile
soils, i.e., 30-40% residue in autoclaved soil after 55d. From this it
was concluded that degradation is both chemical and biological. More
metabolites were present in the non-sterile soil, a result of microbial
decomposition. If rice straw were added, degradation of endrin and its
metabolites increased(2). Another study found that endrin breakdown to
metabolites occurred 7-25d after flooding the soil(3).
The tables below present data concerning degradation and
transformation of endrin in soil. The reference is given in
parentheses at the end of each title.
Endrin-14C recovered, cpm x 104/20g soil, in various flooded soils(see
incubation day zero for initial application)(2)
Incub. clay red
days loam loam sandy
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0 68.8 58.3 67.5
25 44.7 58.1 58.1
55 23.4 20.2 41.5
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Endrin degradation in peanut and soybean cropped soils with a
pre-application of 0.14ppm endrin and subsequent additions of 1,2 and 4
lbs/A a.i.(1)
AT PLANTING Applic. Rate Peas Soybeans
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1 lb/A 0.32ppm 0.47ppm
2 0.90 1.11
4 2.08 1.49
AT HARVEST 1 0.23 0.17
(5mo after 2 0.51 0.49
applic.) 4 0.60 0.48
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B. Adsorption and transport
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Because the adsorption of endrin is strong, desorption is not
extensive. The tables below present data concerning adsorption of
endrin. The reference is given in parentheses at the end of each
title.
Adsorption of endrin in organic and sandy soils(5)
Organic soil: 1min - 58%, 30min - 75%, 2hr - 87%, 4hr - 95%
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Sandy soil: 70 80 85 95
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Adsorption parameters of endrin in various soils(5)
org. sedim. sl sand
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l/n 1.08 0.99 1.12 1.03
K 3404 258 112 58
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IV. References (*denotes key reference)
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*1.Dorough, H.W. and N.M. Randolph. 1967.
Tex.Ag.Exp.Sta.Miscell.Publ. 854.
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*2.Gowda, T.K.S. and N. Sethunathan. 1976. J.Ag.FoodChem. 24. 750-3.
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3.Gowda, T.K.S. and N. Sethunathan. 1977. SoilSci. 124. 5-9.
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4.Kahn, S.U. 1980. Pesticides in the Soil Environment.
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Amsterdam:Elsevier Press.
*5.Sharom, M.S., J.R.W. Miles, C.R. Harris, F.L. McEwen. 1980. Water
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Research. 14. 1095-1100.
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site is not a substitute for a pesticide label. Trade names used herein
are for convenience only; no endorsement of products is intended, nor is
criticism of unnamed products implied. Most of this information is historical
in nature and may no longer be applicable.
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